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Astronomical grounds of calendars in different historical periods and cultures
Hrůšová, Lucie ; Šolc, Martin (advisor) ; Wolf, Marek (referee)
The main goal of this work is to describe calendars of various countries, and that both calendars, which are used until these days, and calendars of perished civilizations or calendars, which were abandoned by their users because during ages they had preferred another calendar. This work is for everyone, who would like to be informed, how our calendar was originated, why he contains some things which are illogical from our point of view such as the irregularity of the length of months. It also tries to show the way how the calendars were created, how they were refinement, but also that the calendar we use most, the Gregorian calendar, is not still perfect. First chapter wants to explain to reader, what is the lunar, solar and lunisolar calendar. In second chapter are described calendars of the eldest known Mediterranean civilizations in the context of antique literary creation. Third chapter is dedicated to the world's most widespread Gregorian calendar, the circumstances of his rise by correcting the Julian calendar, about his acceptance in world and about the lunar point in this otherwise solar calendar, namely the calculation of Easter. The fourth chapter is dealing with the newer calendars, which was tried to enter into force by revolutionary minded persons. And the last, the fifth, chapter is...
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